Typewriter and the like



May 23, 1944. s KHALIL 2,349,554

' TYPEWRITER AND THE LIKE Filed May 26,v 1942 5 Shee eet l INVENTOR E 0 KHAL/L I wmw ATTORNEYS 3 1944- s. KHALlL TYPEWRITER AND THE LIKE Filed May 26, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 KW mm J M m E O w \w v May 23, 19M.

5. KHALIL TYPEWRITER AND THE LIKE Filed May 26, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 I INVENTOR SEYED KHAL/L.

. ATTORNEYS I s. KHALIL TYPEWRITER AND THE LIKE May 23, 1944.

Filed May 26, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR 55 x50 Kfi/AL ATTORNEYS escapementof I 'ing said rack longitudinally on said carriage in nail-indicator and means themed. May l9 I v New note, my. Application y as, rare, Sel No. nner 19 Claims. I (cl. 197-841) This invention relates to improvements in type I writers and the like, and is directed more par- 7 latter are secured together side by side or end,

. to end, or combinations thereof.

ticularly to li'nedustiiying mechanisms therefor.

The principal obj ct or the invention is the. provision in a typewriter, or ,the like, of a con tinuously variable pitch rack bodily movable with and adjustably movable'on' the carriage, a pin ion associated with the escapement of sa'idtype writer'and meshing with said rack, and means for moving said rack to various-pitch relations with respect to said pinion...

Another object of the invention is the -sion, in-a typewrlteror the like, of a continnously variable pitch rack and a pinion capable of meshing with all pitches of said rack, said provisome of the advantages oi. my new continuously variable pitch rack over a plurality of' conventional racks of diflferent'pitches are:

(d)\ To obtain tne total variation which my rack provide would require an unreaso able pinions cooperating therewith.;

'(b) With my rack the typing may anyposition oi the platen and maintain leit= racis and pinion being connected between said amount of space for 'the'conventiqnal rac s and begin at hand margin all out as perfect asis at p esent obtained ,with a single conventional racist Indevices provided with a plurality of. combined racks, this is not the case. I

(0). With my rack, the'typing may end at any position of the platen and maintain a right-hand margin alignment asperfect as, the left-hand a plurality of combined racks.

(d) With my rack, the iustiflcation of any marginal alignment, which is not ,the case with and all lines is eflectecl by means of a simple the invention is the:

riage of said typ writer, a pinion permanently meshing with said rack and connected to the.

d typewriter, means for movaccordancewith the position'chosen for the ini-' tial typing point. and means or adjusting said rack laterally on said carriage to change its pitch relation to said pinion. a Another object of the-invention is'the-provision; in a typewriter' or the like, of a comm-- and rotatably movable on the carriage of'sai'd typewriter, a pinion permanently meshing with saidrack and connected to the es'capementof rotatingsaid rack for increasing or decreasing given:

. -.typinTg intervals. In other Wolds,

setting or visual indicators.

(e) Due to the fact that the teeth of my rack. are continuous, angularly disposed and are of substantial -leng th, they are strong-enough, even though the narrow ends are made exceedingly thinyto. enable the accomplishment of a great percentage of enlargement andredu'ction with the use of a single pinion. This is impossible with devices employing a plurality of combined raclna.

In order to give a clear understanding of the use .of my new and improved continuous. variable pitch rack, the following explanation is 'Next to a typed line comprising, for example, -;-60 typeintervals'of 1o pitc'h (10 to the inch), it isdesired to type alinecomprising 59 type inteals' and have each end of this line in line uously variable pitch rack .cylindrically formed 1 g."

the ends of the line which includes 60 the 59-typi intervals will have to'be increased, so that the the typing intervals,- said meansincluding a vis-,

iorsecuring said rack in any set position.

'Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art.

Oneof the important features of'the invention is the-provision of a single unitary rack which in factperforms the functions of a number of racks of different pitches, whether the 55 etc., should be taken nto consideration to type v i add up to the length of the 60 typing intervals saidtypewriter, and means on said carriage for v v returned and the 59 typing intervals are applied.

to the platen, they have been increased tothe extent that they occupy the same length as the line- In determining the charaoteristics'ofthe rack,

certain iZactors. .su v as its. length, its diameter,

to ascertain the angle of the last tooth. It will be noted from the drawings that the inclination of the teeth increases toward the right.

As an illustration of this, the following will be noted:

(1) A median line along the center of the rack (for instance longitudinal), across the teeth may be considered the normal position, and the pitch of the teeth along said line maybe considered to be standard. I

tooth of its pinion while the rotary movement is imparted thereon. This engagement enables my rack to automatically move laterally due to two factors: i

(a) The degrees of rotation of rack; and

(b) The angle of the tooth of the rack which operatively engages the pinion. z y

The lateral displacement of the rack is always I unitary. In justifying each line, the rack shifts (2) The standard pitch, forexample, may be taken as to the inch.

(3) The narrowest pitch of the rack may be taken as 11 to the inch, and the widest pitch may,

(9x%=1) (5) The rack, which in its preferred form is cylindrical, has a plurality of teeth which are the webs between a plurality of slots which extend uninterruptedly from a given longitudinal ond given line adjacent to said first line,-the variation of the pitch of the rack is continuous and the rack may be rotated to change from one pitch to' another.

' (6) Due to the fact that all of the teeth of the rack converge toward a straight line and di er toward another straight line parallel to the first straight line, the teeth wil1 have an identical and uniform pitch along any straight line parallel to the two straight lines mentioned or, that is to say, parallel to the axis of the rack;

('7) Since'the rack' has a uniform pitch along any straight line parallel to its axis, and due to the fact that the pinion engages the rack only along one such lines, it is obvious that by changing the position of the rack with respect to the line of contact with the pinion, the pitch of the rack may be varied at will to any pitch within the capacity of the rack.

(8) Where the rack is made in the form of a cylinder (and this is my preferred form for it), the change from one pitch to another is efiected by rotating the rack an appropriate degree, and since the teeth in the rack are angular, any degree of turning the rack will shift the engagi position thereof, as compared with a given line perpendicular. with the axis of the rack, therefore in order to maintain said engaging position with said perpendicular line, the rack is also shifted laterally while it is being turned to a new pitch position. Thus, to set the rack from one pitch to another pitch, it must undergo two distinct movements, namely, a rotary movement and a lateral movement.

manually, and the factors effecting-the degrees of rotation are the number .of typing intervals in the longest line; and the number of typing intervals to be added to or reduced from said longest line.

LATERAL Movamm'r or R/ACK In the preferred process of a line justification, my rack remains inoperative contact with the laterally as many units as there are typing intervals to be, included in the new line, regardless of whether the number of intervals is to be increased or decreased. The'following examples are given so that an understanding of the lateral movement may be had:

The normal pitch lineis a mid-line crossing all the rack teeth, sothatas the rack is tumed in one-direction, the pitch increases, and as the rack is moved in. the opposite direction, the pitch decreases. v

Example 1.Suppose the'first tooth at the left end of the rack is engaged with the pinion on the normal pitch line and the fick is turned line, around the surface of the cylinder to'a secto the position of greatest diversion of the tooth,-

that is to say, to its largest pitch, the angle of said first tooth will cause the rack to shift toward the left a distance equal to $6 of the normal pitch. Assuming that the normal pitch is .100", the lateral displacement of the rack toward the left will be approximately .011'-'. The above example may not actually be, use

. in line justification, for in any line justiflcation the typing interval to be increased or decreased must be unitary, and not fractional, and $6 'or .011" as given in said example is fractional. However, this example does serve to-explain the lat- 10 ,-(,=1% that is, one unit of the normal pitch plus ,4.

\ thereof. This 1%is one unit of lateral displacement. Thus it can be seen thatby turning the rack tobring the largest pitch into engagement with the pinion, the units of lateral displacement are ti, larger than the normal displacement units. 0

As the rack is shifted to the left, one unit of lateral displacement; the extreme diverging end at both ends thereof. The racliin the new position will have a pitch of 9 to the inch; that is, 9 typing intervals will be equal to the length of 10 typing intervals along the normal pitch line.

Example 3.- -When the 20th tooth from the left is engaged at the normal pitch line by the pinion;

.and the rack is turned midway between the normal pitch and the largest pitch, the lateral dis-- placement of the rack will be which corresponds to one .unit of lateral displaceis, the rack is to be turned until the required engaging the pinion, and the rack is'turned to the extreme position of its largest pitch; its lateral displacement will be equal to or two units of lateral displacement, and so on. 1

LATERAL lDnu.

. 'Thedivisions of the lateral dial are 'eachan integral unit. Each unit corresponds to a unit of said normal pitchplus the difference between the length of the normal pitch with the extreme end thereof, which is in this case ,6. That is,

the intervals between the divisions of said dial are each equal to l and of the normal pitch.

v These divisions are used as a guide for turning the rack to the exact required degrees.- That division is registered by the indicator.

' invention.

Each division indicates one typing interval to be enlargedor reduced.

MARGINAL AIJGNMENT The changing of the pitch of the rack to increase or decrease the'typing intervals, such, for instance as increasing 9 typing intervals to equal the length of 10 typing intervals, (has been described. However, means for efiecting'marginal alignment is another important feature of'the The term marginal alignment means having the left ends and the right ends of several lines coincide with two vertical lines common to all of them. I

and before turning the rack, set said stop against i the stationary stop. This will cause the proper tooth of the rack to automatically engage the pinion. M e I These settings are made initially, and thereafter the changing of the magnitude of the typing intervalsto justify the lines is done'at the end of each line, with the result that perfect marginal alignment atboth the right and left 1 ends of the lines isobtained automatically.

Referring to the.drawings: o Figure 1 is an elevation of a typewriter providedwith my new and improved continuously variable pitch rackf v v Figure 2 is a plan viewof the typewriter shown in Figure 1, wherein details of the continuously variable pitch rack and the visual indicators for use-in line justifying are shown;

Figure 3 is a view showing the visual indicators of Figure 2., set for increasing the typing intervals of a line under conditions to be-.-presently described;

Figure 4 is portion 43f Figure 2, showing the right and left hand marginal stbps set to different positions and showing the marginal indicator set to correspond to thesettings of the left marginal .stop;

Figure 5 is an elevation; partly in section, taken along the line t-t'of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is an elevation, partly in section, taken alongthe line't-t of Figure 4;. p

To obtain marginal alignmerihit is necessary (1) SettheIeft-hand marginal stop atdivision I a fragmentary view similar to' a I in the example given is pitch; U

Figure '7 is a-fragmentary view of a-development of a portion of the new and improved con- ;stantly variable pitch rack showing how the ment of the rack showing the engagement with a pinion tooth along the'normal pitch *line, which -Figure 9 is a view showing the movement 0 the .rack when shifted from the normal pitch line to the 9 pitch line;

Figure 10 shows the rack engaged by the pinion teeth along the 9 pitch line and includes a scale showing the increased. length of the typing intervals effected by this movement;

Figure 11 is a, diagrammatic view showing the shifting of the rack. one typing interval for lines containing different numbers of typing intervals;

Figure 12 is'a view similar to Figure 11, illustrating the movement' for a change of two typing intervals in lines containing different total typing intervals; V

Figure 13 is a plain view of a modification of the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2, wherein the rack is in the form of a. fiat plate instead of a cylinder; v

t Figure 14 is a right end elevation of the modiflcation shown in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is a fragmentary viewof a development of a variable pitch pinion;

Figure 16 is a fragmentary view of a development of a variable pitch rack adapted to mesh with the pinion shownin Figure 15; and Figure 17 is a diagrammatic representation of the variable pitch rack and variable pitch pinion in engagement with each other. a Referring to Figure l, thetypewriter generally designated by the numeral 20 is, provided with rows of keysZll, Z2, 23. 2t, and'a space bar 25. The carriage 26 carries the usual platen 21, and the typebars 28 are actuated by the keys.

Other well known details of the typewriter per se which-form no part of the, present invention need not herein be described in detailexcept in so far as to give an understanding ofthe new and novel features of the invention.

A rack 29 on the'carriage carries a graduated scale and is provided with a left marginal stop 30 and a right marginal stop 3|. ,These marginal stops are settable along said'scale, and adapted to-be engaged byanengaging member 32.

The typewriter is also providedywith the usual spring drum 33 having a tape extending therefrom and connected to the carriage at the point indicated by the numeral 35. This spring always urges the carr age toward the left, as is usual in all typewriters.

escapement wheel 36 and has the usual escapeme'nt mechanism generally designated by. the numetal 31! cooperating therewith. Since the action of the escapement is old and well known in the ries a pinion 39 which is a special pinion wherein,

art, it need not herein be described in detail.

The escapement wheel 36 s carried on a shaft 38 which is suitably mounted on the frame of the typewriter'in bearings 42 and 43. This shaft carthe teethtil are preferably rounded, instead of being the usual cycloidal or involute form. The reason for this will presently be described in connection with the description-of the new and improved continuously variable pitch rack M with which this pinion cooperates.

The rack M is in the form of a drumor cylinder, and is mounted on the carriage so that it may be rotated about its axis and/or d ally on said carriage.

he rack is rotatively supported on the carriagein bearings and Q5. The following arrangement governs' the movement of the rack longitudinally: The rack M has a longitudinal 52 thereon. The tubular member 50 has an overhanging projection 55 which carries a plunger 56. The plunger56 is spring loaded downwardly by a spring 51 bearing against the collar 58; The plunger 56 is adapted to engage any of the holes 41, 48, and 49,'above described, in accordance with certain sittings to be presently described, and by means of; a knob 59 the plunger may be disengaged from any .holewith which it is enazed. v

The tubular member 50 carries an'inwardly extending key 66 which forms a working fit with the edges of the slot 46, and permits the rack 4| to be moved endwise, as viewed in Figure 6, in order to enable the plunger'56 to engage any of the holes '41; 48 and 49 desired.

The ring member 52, as may be seen in Figures 5 and 6,-has a bossed portion 6i having a slot formed therein to lit the width of a lever 62, and a suitable pivot pin 63- passing through the boss 6| forms a bearing for the lever 62.

Aspring 64 has one end thereof secured to the lever 62, and the other end secured to a pin 65 carried on a boss 66 formed integral with the ring member 52. The lever 62 has its extremity tapered, as shown, and carries a downwardly projecting stud 61 which is adapted to engageholes' 8'8 formedin the visual indicator plate 10.

' The rack 4| has a suitable knob 69 connected thereto by means of which the rack may be rotated, as will hereinafter be described.

Tm: RACK AND I'rs Pmron laid out fiat, and the development of the teeth of the rack effected is as follows;

The teeth along the normal pitch line 11 may be considered to have a pitch of lo teeth, to the inch-z the, teeth along the pitch line 12 may be considered to have a pitcher 11 teeth to the inch 3 and along the pitch line 13 the teeth may be considered to have a pitch of 9 teeth to the inch.

The slots 15515", 15, 15d, 15, etc., are formed in the material of which the rack is made, and the webs 14, 14*, 14, 14 ,'14, etc., therebetween form the teeth; The edge 16 of the slot 15 is at substantially right angles to the pitch lines 1| spect to the edge 16 to the extent proportionately of the difference between the. spacing on the 16 moved longitueleven pitch line 12 and the nine pitch line, 13. The web 14 between the slots 15 and 15 is preferably of a uniform width, therefore the edge 18 of the $101215 is substantially parallel to \the edge 11 of the slot 15 By the same token,

the edges of the web 14 are substantially parallel to each other and form adjacent edges of the slots 15' and 15, etc. It will be noted that the angle-of inclination of the slots increase to the right, as viewed in Figure 8.

In view of the fact that the main spring of thetypewriter urges the carriage to the left, as viewed in Figure 8, the right-hand edges of all of the slots, or that is to say, the left-hand edges of all of the webs forming the teeth of the rack are urged into engagement with the teeth of the pinion. i

J The teeth 40 of the pinion are so formed'that 1 bearing whatever on the operation of the device.

ever on the operation of the device.

mesh with the highest pitch of which the rack is capable, enables the pinion to be used with all portions of the rack, including the portions lying on the smallest or coarsest pitch line. r

The above may be perhaps more clearly seen in Figure 7, wherein a fragmentary view of .a

portion of the development of the rack 4| is shown as greatly enlarged. It will be noted that the teeth 40 on the eleven" pitch line 12 is held against the left face 18 of the web 14 due to the urge of the mainspring drum of the-typewriter (designated by the numeral 33 in Figure 2).

There is sufficient clearance between the trailing portion of the tooth 40 and the edge 16 of the slot 15. Now, when the rack is moved to a point where the tooth 40 of the pinion 39'engages the rack along the ten or normal pitch line 1|, there is a little greater clearance between the trailing portion of the tooth 40 and the edge 16 due to the factkthat the width of the slot 15 increases downwardly. However, the tooth 14 of the rack is held against the leading portion of the tooth 40 due to the action of the main spring.

Likewise, when the rack isturned to the nine" pitch line .13, the leading portion of the tooth is held in engagement with the rack tooth 14? (or any other rack tooth. with which it is engaged), due to the urge of the main spring of the type- Writer. However, the ,clearance between the trailing portion of the tooth on the opposite edge of the slot is still greater due to. the fact that the slots diverge downwardly.

It will also be noted that as an engaged tooth becomes disengaged from a rack web or tooth, the succeeding pinion tooth engages a succeeding rack tooth, and the correction is automatically made due to the fact that the main spring of the typewriter is constantly urging the engaged tooth of aseasoa Referring now to Figure 2, it will be noted I that the pinion meshes with the variable pitch movement of the rack M when lines containing several intervalsifor example ten, twenty, or thirty intervals) are increased by one interval.

In Figure 12 the movement of the rack A! is rack '(whlch'in that figure is tubularor cylin-. hown diagrammatically for increasing lines of drical) beneath and on the longitudinal center line of the rack, and when the lever 62 engages the 0 point onthe visual indicator it, the teeth lie on the ftens or normal pitch line.

The longitudinal settlng of the rack (which is marginal rack 3E5 is set on'1, therefore the rack I ti must be set to such a position that theplunger 56 engages ahole numbered "1 on the visual indicator US. This is done by grasping the knob" to with the left hand and raising the plunger Fit to disengage it from anyhole in the slot 36 with which. it is engaged; then" with the right hand the knob 50 is grasped'and the rack is mo d longitudinally until the'desired hole in the slot at isin line with the plunger l'ifiithen M to engage the desired hole- In Figures 2 and 3, the plunger 'is shown in engagement with the 1 hole in-the slot it.

I In Figure 4, however, the left marginalsstop 3t is set at 5 on themarginal rack 29, therefore, 0

the variable pitchrack tl' is set to a point where the plunge 56 engages the'hole numbered "5 on the visual dicator i9.

It will be understood that these setting are made while the stud ti on the lever 62 is in engagement with the 0 hole on the visual indi- 1 cator It, (see Fig. 5). 1

INCREASING Ann Dscnsssmc THE NUMBER orlm'z-m I VALS In A Line I To decrease the number of intervals inaa line of a given length, the magnitude of the intervals must be increased so that the sum of. their lengths will be equal to the said given length,

Any increase or decrease of the number of intervals in a line must be in terms of total units,

instead of fractional units. Within th capacity of the variable pitch rack, certain limits are involve'd; for example, if a line is comprised of ten typinginteryals, the number 'of intervals can only be increased or,-decreased by one. .The rack several intervals by two intervals, for example lines containing ten, twenty, or thirty intervals. However, in this instance it is shown that a line containing ten intervals cannot be increased by two intervals. 1

In Figure 11 the heavy black linen represents the edge of the rack web or tooth in the positioncorresponding to ten typing intervals. This is held in engagement with the tooth of the pinion, represented by the numeral it, by the main spring of the typewriter.

Now, to increase the typing intervals by one.

interval, the relative position of thetooth it? with respect to.the surface te is'equivalently indicated in dotted linen and designated by the numeral M Due to the slight angularity of 1 the web w the rotary movement of the rack is substantially greater than is the case where the line includes the knob 59 may be released to allow the plunger 25 greater numbers of typing intervals. This relative movementis comparable to the distance be tween the dot-dash lines t0 and B l, 1-

At the end of a twenty interval line, the engaged face of the rack web or tooth is represented by the heavy line it, and the pinion tooth engaging thesame is'represented by the'numeral interval, the relative position of the tooth Ml with respect to the surface it is equivalently indicated in dotted lines designated by the numeral 60..

Due to the fact that the inclination of the web or tooth It is greater at the twenty interval position, th movement is proportionate to the distance between the dot-dash line 80 and 82.

At the end .of a thirty interval line, the engaged face oi the rack web or tooth is represented by the heavy line it, and the pinion tooth ennormally engages the pinion omits ten pitch line, therefore to increase the'intervals by one, the rack is rotated to bring the eleven pitch line'into engagement with the pinion. This results in reringing the magnitude of the intervals-so that 60 eleven intervals equals the length bi ten intervals.

A ten interval line cannot be increased bytwo intervals. In other words, in the arrangement shown in the drawings,-the 'ten interval line cannot be increased to twelve intervals. however, be understood that the variable pitch rack can he constructed to take care of such con- 2 ditions, as wellas many other conditions, without departingfrom the spirit of the invention, as the forms herein shown. and illustrated are given 70 by way of example only.

. If the line had twenty intervals instead of ten, it can,=with the arrangement illustrated, beincreased either one or two intervals.

a In Figure 11 is shown diagrammatically the 7 gaging the same is represented by the numeral et Toincrease the thirty interval line by one thirty interval position,.;the'movement is propertionate to the distance between the dot-dash lines MB and $3,

Although tt-tt all vary as above described, the longitudinal movements for each conditionare all equal toone typing interval. 1 v

, In Figure 12, it will be seen-the two typin (intervals nannot be added to the teninterval line, due to the fact thatthe. inclination ofthe rack tooth it istoo steep. However in the twenty interval line, themovement is equivalent to the. difierence-hetween the relative positions v it and tu and in a thirty intervalline, equiva- It must,

lent to the difierence between the positions tll and til. T

N Due to the factthat the inclination offthe rack tooth It? issteep, and the inclination of the rack toothit" is yet of a greater steepness, the

rotative movement is greater for the thirty inter-.-

, is equal to two intervals.

It must be understood that Figures 11' and 12 are purely diagrammatic and that the pinion teeth the movements te m, til-t2, and

the engaging member 32. I

do not move from the solid positions to the dotted positions, instead the rack is rotated. The rela tive movements howeverare shown diagrammatically in these figures so that a clearer'understanding of the action may be had.

In Figures 8, 9 and 10, the rack Qi is unrolled or flattened out so that the full length of all of the teeth or'webs may be seen. In alignment with a portion of the rack is shown the marginal rack 29. The left marginal stop 30 is shown as set atv the end of the first typing interval; and the right marginal stop 35 is shown as set at the end of the tenth typing interval; and the carriage is in such position that the right marginal stop has i brought it to a halt by encountering the engaging member 32.

It is assumed that-the numbered graduations on the marginal rack represent the center lines of the typing intervals. The tooth All is shownin engagement with the rack teeth W. It is assumed that the parts are in the positions shown in Figure 8 at the end of a ten intervalline. As-

suming that the succeeding line is'to include only nine typing intervals, that, therefore, the magni-' tude of each of the typing intervals metered out 7 by the escapement must be increased so that the total length'of the nine intervals will'be equal to the length of the preceding ten intervals.

The rack H, which is in fact cylindrical, is rotated to bring the nine pitch line in engagement with the tooth 40. This is equivalent to moving the rack development upwardly from the solid position, shown in Figure 9, to thedot-dash position designated by the numeral di shown in Figure 9, and. after this operation the relative positions of the parts are equivalent to those shown in Figure 19. The next step is to return the carriage to bring the left marginal stop 80 against the engaging member 32, in which'eventthe pinion tooth 48,"

indicated by the' dotted circle BF, is engaging the left marginal stop, 30 is set at 1. Now, in order to set the right marginal stop at "10, the carriage would first have to be moved to the right to bring the "10 indication to the right of the engaging member 32, following which the right marginal stop 3| can be set at 10. The plunger I 56 is already shown in engagement with the "1 on the visual indicator 19, so this need not be moved. However, if the plunger were in engagement with some other hole than that in line with the 1, it would have to be moved-to the "1 Position The magnitudes of the nine intervals must be increased in length so that they will total the length of ten intervals. Therefore, the lever 62- is disengaged from the hole=in the visual in dicator l0, and the rack'is turned in a counterclockwise direction, by means of the knob 69 until it moves to the left to a point where it engages the "1? position under the word Increase; this position is shown in Figure 3. This is don when the right marginal stop 3| is inengagement; with After making this setting, the carriage is returned to bring the left marginal stop against the engaging member 32, and the operator is then ready to type the nine intervals, and these nine intervals will occupy a length equal to ten normal intervals.

The act of rotating the rackcauses the slot 46 and the tubular member 50 to move from their normal positions shown in Figure 2. The new positions of these, pa s are with the pinion engaging the rack along the nine pitch line I3.

With a twenty interval line, the movement'of the rack is half as much, and with a thirty interval line the movement would be one-third as much '(see Figure 12).

In Figure 4, it will be noted that the left mar, ginal stop 30 is set at 5," and the right marginal "stop 3! is set at 453' This, defines a line of forty typing intervals. Assuming that a line is encountered which includes forty-one intervals, it would be necessary to decrease the typing. in-' tervais so that forty-one intervals would be equal to the length of forty normal intervals.

The plunger 56 is shown as engaging the hole on the visual indicator", which corresponds to the settingof the left marginal stop 30. Now, to decrease the typing intervals so that forty-one ,of them will be equal to forty standard intervals, the lever 62v is raised to disengage it from the 0 hole on the 'visual indicator l0, and the rack y is then rotated so that the lever 82 can engage the i hole under the word Decrease. This is,

of course, done while the right marginal stop It stop 30 against the engaging member 32, and the operator may then type the forty-one interval line and have it come outthe same length as a standard forty interval line. i

It has been pointed out above that the lateral movement, which is recorded and registered by the visual indicator I0, is always unitary. On

the other hand, the rotary movement of the rack in making asetting varies in accordance with which-tooth of the rack engages the pinion. In setting the visual-indicator III for a wanted lateral moyement, the extent of rotary movement is automatically taken care of and depends upon the angularity of the tooth engaged by the pinion. For instance, if the tenth tooth of the rack, for example, is in engagement with the pinion, the rack haste-be rotated in either direction to the extreme end of its tooth in order to register one unit'of lateral movement; whereas, if the 30th '55 tooth is in engagement with the pinion, the rack has to be rotated in either direction substantially one-third the distance to the extremeend of its tooth to registfi' one unit of lateral movement (see Figure 11). I

However, in each of these examples 1% .of a .normal unit of lateral displacement is divided equally among all teeth preceding the engaged tooth in the rack. v

In the examples given above, even numbers of d typing intervals have been referred to-for example, 10, 20 and 30 but it must not be taken tomean that these even numbers of intervals are the. only ones which will work. The device work'swith any number of intervals whether-they be even or odd. For example, if the 14th tooth engages the pinion, and the rack is advanced one lateral movement, 13 typing intervals will occupy aline equal to 14 normal typing intervals. In the modification described above, the variable pitchrack I is cylindrical in form and it mayatlases be, as above described, formed on a cylindrical member, for example by milling; and the milling cutter would begin at the 'slot,ll -whichis an extension of the slot 46 previously described, and as the cylinder j is rotated to generate the slot being formed,'the tool runs out in,the slot Mi.

Where the variable pitch raclg is formed of a punching and;thereafter rolled up, the space occupied by the slot 46 c'ould'be equally dividedv between the abutting edges of the rolled-up'cylindrical rack, this material would form webs at the beginning and ends of the slots formed in thecl mtemplates the formlng'of the rack in what sheet of material and leaving it flat. This rack" is designated by the numeral 85, the slots being designated by, the numeraltt, and the webs 'therebetween forming the teeth of the rack are designated by the numeral 87. The pinion W is similar to the pinion aa'shown in Figure 2, and one tooth [89 ofthe pinion webs ti and ti. The carriage 9h viewed ,in Figure 3, byfthe spring drum it through the connecting tape at, therfore'the left edge of the web M is in contact with the pinion tooth t9. I The rack 85 has anie tension shaft when one end thereon and a second extension shaft til at the other end thereof in alignment with the first extension shaft. The shaft I26 is journaled in in a bearing block 33. The bearing block .93

isslidably mounted in the frame it, a rectangular slot 9t permitting the bearing block 93 to slide back and forth therein. The bearing block 93 has an extension Qt to is pivotally connected it means of a pivot pin til. A shaft M is joumaled in the frame 9t and has keyed to one end thereof a knob 99. An arm wt has itslower endkeyed tofthe shaft '98, and has its upper end itl pivotally connected to the link ruby means 'of a. pivot p m2.

.- The bearing block s2 is mou ted in the ;frame at in the same mannersothat it] also may slide back and forth.'- A link M8, similar to the link tt, is pivotally connected to an extension ltd-of the bearing block by means of a pivot pin wt and is pivotally connected to the upperlegid of I shown at M in Figure 14) The rack plate tt also has secured thereto ayoke W8 having parallel sides are and lit, which form a workingfit on the rod i ll, whichis secured to the frame til by means of screws lit. The yokeltt "rides" the rod' l l l, and therefore keeps the rack in a horizontal plane at all times. I

A bar i it mounted on the-carriageicarriesa 4 graded scale and is provided with slidable stops. g5 H3 and lids-"5831381118 the left marginal stop and i it the right marginal stop. These marginal stops are settable along saidscale and adapted to be engaged and stopped by an engaging member lid on the frame N5 of the typewriterx The shaft it? hasa longitudinal slot 'll'l formed therein, similar'to the slot it sh wn "in the flrstmodification. Amember lit ca ied on the shaft E21 includes a plunger H9 similar to the plunger 56 shown in Figure 6, and this knobvv isshown between the s urged toward the left, as

' engages the hole under the 1.

eh a link member ht r 1 Y may be set to engage holes. I120 in the bottom of the slot Win accordance with'the setting of the left marginal stop M3, .The holes I29 maybe numbered and may constitute a visual indicator g Mi, similar to the visual indicator 19 shown in Figure 4. The member lit carries a lever, I22 similar to x the lever 62 shown in Figures 5 and 6. A plate member E23 mounted on the hearing block 23, i0 and movable therewith, carries a plurality of holes m to be engaged by the lever i22. 'Tliese, holes are numbered and togetherwith their numbers they constitute a visual'indicator J25. I'he lever iflnormally engages the zero hole on the s visual indicator B25. 7,

. Now, supP Se a line containing'22 typing intervals has been typed, and the nextline to be added includes 21 typing intervals; it is necesary to increase the typing intervals so that 21 intervals m will 0 cupy the space of a line of the same length as th 22 interval line In that case, the settingr v would be accomplished as follows: The lever I22 would be lifted to disengag it from the zero hole on the 'visual indicator 3%, and the knob.99 25 would berotatd in the direction of the arrow.

lhis would cause the rack 85 to be moved up-' ywardly, as viewedin Figure 13; but since the tooth 890i the pinion'ls fixed, the rack will move angularlyor parallel to the left edge of the web or rack tooth ti. which is engaged by the pinion tooth 89. The result of this movement is up-; wardly and to the left, and the support N8 of the lever iii is in turn movedtoward the left. The knob tt may be turned until the lever 22 H After obtaining this settin'g,.the 2l interv l-line may then be typed and it will cbme out he same length as the 22 interval. line. 4 Thus it will beseen that the number-bf typing 40 intervals by theactlon justdescribed is decreased by" one." Obviously, if the number of typing intervals in a given line'are decreased by one, and the resultant line is the same length as the first line mentioned'each typing interval is increasedso that the total of 21' intervals measures" unto the same length as the. originah22 intervals.-

' In this modification, as well as the one previously described, any number of intervals may be justi ned whether they be odd-or even.

mg of a constantly variable pitch segmental gear adapted to function as a pinion and a constantly 7 variable rack adaptedto cooperate therewith.

The development of the constantly variable pitch segmental gear is shown in Figure 1.5 and desigformed therein. v v

The webs E32 between these slots form the to teeth of the segmental gear; The numberof teeth in the segmental gear is preferably equal to the number of teeth in the rack (which will pres r ently be described), so that'as the carriage moves 7 along the frame,,.the length of its longest possible line, the segmental gear will make almost'a completenevolution.

The reason this segmental g'eardoes not mare oneor more than. one complete revolutions is that the-toothat one end of the rack has aminimumof convergence, and the tooth at the other end of the racklies along-the line of, greatest convergence, and it -would. not be practical to step "from one to the other when the end of the rack is reached.

A further modification contemplates the formnatedby the numeral I30. It may be stamped from sheet salt with a plurality of slots :31

- gresses, an escapement a rack The development of the .rack I33 is shown in Figure 16. A pluralityv of slots I34 of various degrees of convergence are formed therein, and the webs I35 thereb'etween form'the teeth of the rack.

It will be noted that in the segmental gear I30 the open slots I3I are all of uniform width, whereas the webs or teeth- I32 therebetween taper. For example, the end I32 of the tooth is substantially narrower than the end 32". In the rack, it will be noted that the teeth or webs I35 are uniform in width and that the slots I3d taper, the end I34 of a slot being substantially narrower than the end I34". This enables the tapering teeth of the segmental gear to mesh with the rack.

The development or plate I33 of this segmental gear is rolled up to form a tube by bringing the ends 830 and Iill upwardly, as viewed in Figure (around a suitable mandrel, for example} until the edges I39 and I30 are in contact with or abut each other.

3 Likewise, the rack blank or plate I33 is rolled ugato form a. tube by bringing the edges I33 and I b upwardly, as viewed in Figure 16 (around a suitable mandrel, for example) until the edges I33 and .l33 xarein contact with or abut eachother.

' The formed segmental gear is designated in Figure 1'? by the numeral I33, and its axis is designated by the numeral I38. The rack in' Figure 17 is designated by the numeral I33.

The axis of the rack is designated by the-numeral I31 and is at right angles to the axis I36. The segmental gear tooth I32 is shown engaged by the rack teeth I35 and 635. pitch along the lineof engagement, the rack I33 maybe rotated in the manner described above for the other modifications, and the segmental gear I3II may be moved axially.

5 along a given pitch line is diflerent from the pitch To change the 1 Although I have described apreferred form of the invention and modifications thereof, it is obvious that many changes may be made in the arrangements herein shown and described 'without departing from thespirit as set forth-in the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a typewriter; a frame, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progresses, an escapement, means connecting said carriage to said escapement, said means in cluding a rack" having slot openings angularly disposed with respect to" one another, the webs therebetween forming teeth having parallel sides whereby the pitch of the teeth along one pitch along. any other pitch line thereof, said pinion engaging said rack along a normal pitch line, and settable means connected to said rack for moving the same andcausing it to be engaged by. said pinion on different pitch lines.

4. In' a typewriter, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progresses, an escapement on said frame, a segmental gear for driving said escapement, said gear having teeth inclined with respect to one another and the spaces or slots bounded by said teeth having sides parallel to each other, whereby the pitch on any pitch line is different from the pitch along any other pitch line thereof, a rack carried on said carriage, said rack having teeth capable of meshing with any pitch lineoi said segmental gear and normally engaging the latter on a given pitch line thereof, and settable means for changing'the relation of said rack and said segmental gear and causing them to mesh on a 'difierent pitch line.

5. In a typewriter, a carriage movable in inter, vals along said frame as the typing progresses, an escapement on said irame,a segmental gear having teeth inclined with respect to one another and the spaces or slots bounded by said teeth having sides parallel to each other, whereby the pitch of any pitch'line is different from the pitchalong any other pitch line thereof, a rack movably carried on said carriage,.said rack having slot openings angularly disposed with respect to one another, and webs therebetween forming teeth-having parallelsides, whereby the pitch of the teeth along one pitch line is different from the pitch along any other pitch line thereof, the teeth of said rackand said gear'being normally engaged on a given pitch line, and settable means for changing the relation of said rack and gear and causing them to be engaged. on a pitch line different from said given pitch line.

- 6. In a typewriter, a frame, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progreases, an escapement, a pinion for driving said escapement, a rack of circular cross section having slot openings angularly disposed with respect to one another, and webs therebetween forming teeth having parallel sides, whereby the pitch of the teeth along one pitch line is different from line is difierent from the pitch along any other pitch line thereof, and settable means control- .ling said first-mentioned means for increasing or decreasing the magnitude of saidintervals;

2,- In a typewriter, a frame, a carriagemovable in intervals along said frame as the typing proa nda pinion, at least one of which constitutesa member having teeth therein inclined with respect to one another --with equal angles between adjacent teeth whereby the pitch on any pitch line is, different from the pitch along any other pitch line, said rack being between said carriage and said and pinion escapement, and settable means controlling said the pitch along any other pitch line thereof, journals in said carriage rotatably carrying said rack, means partly on said rack and partly on said frame for normally holding said rack against movement in said journals, said means normally maintaining said rack in engagement with-said 4 pinion along a givenpitch line and adapted to be moved to efiect the engagement of. said pinion with said rack along a difierent pitch line.

7. In a typewriter, a frame, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing pro-' gr'esses, a scale on said carriage, a left marginal stop settably carried on said scale, a right marginal stop also settably carried on said scale, and

a stationary member on said frame adapted to be engaged by said stops, an escapement, a pinion member for changing the magnitude of. said intervals.

3. In a typewriter, a frame, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progresses; an-escapement, a pinion for driving to said escapement, a-rack movably carried'on said for driving said escapement, a rack of circular cross section having slot openings angularly dis-v,

between forming" teeth having parallel sides,

1 whereby-the pitch of the teeth along one pitch .line.

lines thereof, journals in said carriage rotatably carrying said rack, means partly on said rack, and partly on said frame for normally holding said rack against movement in said journals, said means normally maintaining said rack-in engagement with said pinion along a given pitch line andadapted to be moved to effect the engagement of said pinion with said rack along a different pitch line, and settable means including. a visual indicator for ,initially adjusting said rack in accordance. with the'setting of said left marginal stop.

8; In a typewriter, a frame, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progresses, a scale on said carriage, a left marginal stop settably carried on said scale, a right marginal stop also settably carried on said scale, and a stationary member on said frame adapted to be engaged by said stops, an escapement, a pinion for driving said escapement, a rack of circular cross section having slot openings angularly disposed with respect to one another and webs therebetween forming teeth having parallel sides, whereby the pitch of the teeth along one pitch line is different from the pitch along other pitch lines thereof, journals in said carriage rotatably carrying said rack, settable means for moving said rack axially in said journals to correspond with the position of said left marginal stop, means partly on said rack'and partly on said settable means for normally holding said rack against movement in said 'journals, said last-recited means normally maintaining said rack in engagement with said pin'iorralong a given pitch line and adapted to be moved to effect the engagement of said pinion with said rack along a diiferent pitch gresses, a scale on said carriage, a left marginal stop settably carried on said scale, a right marginal stop also settably carried on said scale, and

a stationary member on said frame adapted to be engaged by said stops, an esc'apement, a pinion for driving said escapement, a rack of circular cross section having slot openings angularly disposedwith respect to one another and webs'therebetween finming teeth havin parallel sides, whereby the pitch of the teeth'alongone pitch line is different from the pitch along other pitch 'iines thereof, journals in said carriage rotatably carrying said rack, settable means for moving said rack axially in said journals and including a visual indicator calibrated in terms of said scale,

' pivoted on said boss, a plate carried by the journal whereby said rack may be set to correspond with the position of said left marginal stop, means partly on said rack and'partly on said settable means "for normally holding said rack against i marginal stop, and means to increase or decrease the magnitude of said intervals.

11. ha typewriter, a frame, a'carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progresses, an escapement, a pinion for driving to said escapement, a member sli iably mounted in one end of said carriage, a second member slidably mounted in the other end of said carriage,

actuating means for said members, said actuating means being adapted to move said members in parallel relation, journals in each of said members in alignment with each other, a plate having extensions on each end thereof engaged in said journals, .means associated with said /plate for along a givempitoh line, and locking means associated with said rack and adapted to be released when said rack is to be movedto effect its engagement with the pinion on a-difierent pitch line,

' 12. In a typewriter, a frame, a carriage movable in intervals along said frame as the typing progresses, an escapernent, a pinion for driving to said escapement, a plate having extensions on each end thereof, a plurality of slots formed in said plate angular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the plate, said slots each diverging with respect to the others, the webs between said slots being of uniform width and forming teeth and constituting a rack, having a plurality of pitch lineslying parallel to the longitudinal axis of said plate, a pair of journals on said carriage supportingsald extensions, yoke means for maintainingsaid plate in a given plane on said carriage, said pinion being normally meshed with said rack along one of said pitch lines,'and means for moving said journals on the frame of said carriage in parallel relation to each other, there-' by moving said plate to effect its'engagement with the pinion along a difierent pitch line.

13. A typewriter according to claim 12, wherein one of said extensions carries a boss, a lever supporting said last-mentioned extension, and a visual indicator on said plate graduated in terms of said intervals and including depressions adjacent to eachgraduation and adapted to be an gaged by said lever. a

14. In an escapement control typewriter or the like, means to justify the right-and left margins of matter to be written therein, said means including a positionable rack, the teeth of which constitute websv of uniform width between a plurality of slots inclined with respect to each other, the pitch along any itch line of said rack being difierent from the pitch along any other pitch line thereof, said escapement havingconnected thereto a pinion normally engaging said rack on a given pitch line, and means to s Ze-ctively move said rack for bringing other pitch lines into engagement with the teeth of said pinion.

her on said frame adapted to be engaged by said stop, an escapement, rack and pinion means between said carriage and said escapement, settable mean-i, for changing the point of engagement of said rack and pinion axially and including a visual indicator calibrated in terms of said scale, whereby settings of said point of engagement may be made to correspond to the position of said left 15. In a typewriter, an escapement rack comprised of a member of circular cross-section and having a plurality of slots formed therein, each of said slots being angular with respect to its neighbor, the webs between said slots forming teeth of uniform width and the distance therebetween increasing circumferentially of the rack,

16. In a typewriter, an escapement rack comprised of an elongated member having a plurality of slots formed therein, said slots being angular with respect to the longitudinal axis of said member, center lines of said slots also being angular with respect to each other, whereby the pitch or spacing thereof is greater, along the longitudinal line crossing one end of each of said slots, than the pitch or spacing thereof along a second longitudinal line crossing the opposite ends of said slots.

17. In a typewriter, an escapement rack comprised of an elongated member having a plurality of engaging units formed therein, said units being angular with respect to the longitudinal axis of said member, center lines of said units also being angular with respect to each other, whereby the pitch or spacing thereof .is greater, along the longitudinal line crossing one end of said units, than the pitch or spacing thereof along a second longitudinal line crossing the opposite ends of said units.

18. In a typewriter, a helicoidal escapement rack, the teeth of which are continuously variable both in pitch and in lead, said teeth constituting webs of uniform .width between slots or openings each inclined with respect'to all others and all tapering circumferentially in the same direction,

whereby the pitch along any pitch line is different from the pitch along any other pitch line thereof. 19. In a typewriter, a cylindrical rack having ,a plurality of tapering slots formed therein, each slot having its axis angularly disposed with respect to all of the others and all said-axes being inclined'with respect to the longitudinal axis of said rack the webs between said slots forming engaging units or teeth of uniform width throughout, whereby the pitch of any longitudinal pitch line is different from the pitch on any other longitudinal pitch line, a carriage on said typewriter, and means on said carriage rotatably supporting said rack, pinion means meshing with said rack, and means engaging said rack for rotatably setting said rack to engage said pinion along a different pitch line.

- SEYED KHALIL. 

